LieAlgebras[ApplyHomomorphism] - apply a Lie algebra homomorphism to a vector, form or tensor
Calling Sequences
ApplyHomomorphism(φ, T, keyword)
Parameters
φ - a linear transformation from a Lie algebra 𝔤 to another Lie algebra 𝔥
T - a vector, a form, or a tensor defined on either the domain Lie algebra 𝔤 or the range Lie algebra 𝔥
keyword - (optional) string keyword, either "domain" or "range"
Description
Examples
ApplyHomomorphism(φ, T) will apply the transformation Phi to the vector, form or tensor T and return an object of the same type. The precise evaluation rules for ApplyHomomorphism depend upon the specific properties of T and whether or not Phi is invertible. The details are as follows.
Applied to tensors, the command ApplyHomomorphism acts as a ring homomorphism, that is, ApplyHomomorphism(φ, T⊗S) = ApplyHomomorphism(φ, T)⊗ApplyHomomorphism(φ, S).
CASE 1. T is a vector in the domain algebra 𝔤 of φ. In this case ApplyHomomorphism(Phi, T) simply applies the linear transformation φ to the vector T and the result is a vector in the range algebra 𝔥 of the transformation φ.
CASE 2. T is a p-form on the range algebra 𝔥 of transformation φ.In this case ApplyHomomorphism(φ, T) simply applies the pullback of the linear transformation φ to the p-form T and the result is a p-form in the domain 𝔤 of φ.
CASE 3. T is a tensor on 𝔤 and φ is an invertible linear transformation. Then ApplyHomomorphism(φ, T) is the tensor on the range algebra 𝔥 obtained by the pushforward by φ of the contravariant components of T and the pullback of the covariant components of T by the inverse of φ.
CASE 4. T is a tensor on 𝔥 and φ is an invertible linear transformation. Then ApplyHomomorphism(φ, T) is the tensor on the domain algebra 𝔤 obtained by the pushforward of the contravariant components of T by the inverse of φ and the pullback of the covariant components of T by φ.
CASE 5. T is a tensor on 𝔤 and φ is not invertible. Then T must be a contravariant tensor (that is, a tensor products of vectors) in which case ApplyHomomorphism(φ, T) is the contravariant tensor defined on the range algebra 𝔥 and obtained by the pushforward of Phi acting on vectors in 𝔤.
When 𝔥 =𝔤, Case 4 takes precedence over Case 5. Alternatively ApplyHomomorphism can be forced to use Case 4 or Case 5 with the third optional argument "domain" or "range".
CASE 6. T is a tensor on 𝔥 and φ is not invertible. Then T must be a covariant tensor (that is, a tensor product of 1-forms) in which case ApplyHomomorphism(φ, T) is the covariant tensor defined on the domain algebra g and obtained by the pullback of φ acting on 1-forms in h.
The command ApplyHomomorphism is part of the DifferentialGeometry:-LieAlgebras package. It can be used in the form ApplyHomomorphism(...) only after executing the commands with(DifferentialGeometry) and with(LieAlgebras), but can always be used by executing DifferentialGeometry:-LieAlgebras:-ApplyHomomorphism(...).
with⁡DifferentialGeometry:with⁡LieAlgebras:
Example 1.
First initialize two copies of a Lie algebra, called Alg1 and Alg2, and display the Lie bracket multiplication tables.
LC1≔_DG⁡LieAlgebra,Alg1,4,1,4,1,1,2,3,1,1,2,4,2,1:
DGsetup⁡LC1,x,α:
LC2≔_DG⁡LieAlgebra,Alg2,4,1,4,1,1,2,3,1,1,2,4,2,1:
DGsetup⁡LC2,y,β:
print⁡MultiplicationTable⁡Alg1,LieBracket,MultiplicationTable⁡Alg2,LieBracket
e1,e4=e1,e2,e3=e1,e2,e4=e2,e1,e4=e1,e2,e3=e1,e2,e4=e2
We use AdjointExp to construct a linear transformation (in fact, an isomorphism) from Alg1 to Alg2.
A≔AdjointExp⁡r⁢x1+s⁢x2+t⁢x3:
Φ≔Transformation⁡Alg1,Alg2,A
Φ:=_DG⁡transformation,Alg1,0,Alg2,0,,1−ts−t⁢s2+r010s00100001,_z1−t⁢_z2+s⁢_z3+−t⁢s2+r⁢_z4,_z5,s⁢_z4+_z2,_z6,_z3,_z7,_z4,_z8,_DG⁡transformation,Alg1,0,Alg2,0,,1−ts−t⁢s2+r010s00100001,_z1−t⁢_z2+s⁢_z3+−t⁢s2+r⁢_z4,_z5,s⁢_z4+_z2,_z6,_z3,_z7,_z4,_z8
We calculate the effects of the command ApplyHomomorphism in each of the following cases.
CASE 1: vectors in the domain algebra Alg1.
CASE 2: 1-forms on the range algebra Alg2.
CASE 3: rank 1 covariant tensors on the domain algebra Alg1.
CASE 4: rank 1 contravariant vectors on the range algebra Alg2.
In each case we show the matrix which defines the transformation.
Vectors≔x1,x2,x3,x4:
A,map2⁡ApplyHomomorphism,Φ,Vectors
1−ts−12⁢t⁢s+r010s00100001,_DG⁡vector,Alg2,,1,1,_DG⁡vector,Alg2,,1,1,_DG⁡vector,Alg2,,1,−t,2,1,_DG⁡vector,Alg2,,1,−t,2,1,_DG⁡vector,Alg2,,1,s,3,1,_DG⁡vector,Alg2,,1,s,3,1,_DG⁡vector,Alg2,,1,−t⁢s2+r,2,s,4,1,_DG⁡vector,Alg2,,1,−t⁢s2+r,2,s,4,1
Forms≔β1,β2,β3,β4:
Atr≔LinearAlgebra:-Transpose⁡A:
Atr,map2⁡ApplyHomomorphism,Φ,Forms
1000−t100s010−12⁢t⁢s+rs01,_DG⁡form,Alg1,1,1,1,2,−t,3,s,4,−t⁢s2+r,_DG⁡form,Alg1,1,1,1,2,−t,3,s,4,−t⁢s2+r,_DG⁡form,Alg1,1,2,1,4,s,_DG⁡form,Alg1,1,2,1,4,s,_DG⁡form,Alg1,1,3,1,_DG⁡form,Alg1,1,3,1,_DG⁡form,Alg1,1,4,1,_DG⁡form,Alg1,1,4,1
CASE 3. rank 1 covariant tensors on the domain algebra Alg1.
CovariantTensors≔map⁡convert,α1,α2,α3,α4,DGtensor
CovariantTensors:=_DG⁡tensor,Alg1,cov_bas,,1,1,_DG⁡tensor,Alg1,cov_bas,,1,1,_DG⁡tensor,Alg1,cov_bas,,2,1,_DG⁡tensor,Alg1,cov_bas,,2,1,_DG⁡tensor,Alg1,cov_bas,,3,1,_DG⁡tensor,Alg1,cov_bas,,3,1,_DG⁡tensor,Alg1,cov_bas,,4,1,_DG⁡tensor,Alg1,cov_bas,,4,1
Aintr≔LinearAlgebra:-MatrixInverse⁡LinearAlgebra:-Transpose⁡A:
Aintr,map2⁡ApplyHomomorphism,Φ,CovariantTensors
1000t100−s010−12⁢t⁢s−r−s01,_DG⁡tensor,Alg2,cov_bas,,1,1,2,t,3,−s,4,−t⁢s2−r,_DG⁡tensor,Alg2,cov_bas,,1,1,2,t,3,−s,4,−t⁢s2−r,_DG⁡tensor,Alg2,cov_bas,,2,1,4,−s,_DG⁡tensor,Alg2,cov_bas,,2,1,4,−s,_DG⁡tensor,Alg2,cov_bas,,3,1,_DG⁡tensor,Alg2,cov_bas,,3,1,_DG⁡tensor,Alg2,cov_bas,,4,1,_DG⁡tensor,Alg2,cov_bas,,4,1
CASE 4. rank 1 contravariant vectors on the range algebra Alg2.
ContravariantTensors≔map⁡convert,y1,y2,y3,y4,DGtensor:
Ain≔LinearAlgebra:-MatrixInverse⁡A:
Ain,map2⁡ApplyHomomorphism,Φ,ContravariantTensors
1t−s−12⁢t⁢s−r010−s00100001,_DG⁡tensor,Alg1,con_bas,,1,1,_DG⁡tensor,Alg1,con_bas,,1,1,_DG⁡tensor,Alg1,con_bas,,1,t,2,1,_DG⁡tensor,Alg1,con_bas,,1,t,2,1,_DG⁡tensor,Alg1,con_bas,,1,−s,3,1,_DG⁡tensor,Alg1,con_bas,,1,−s,3,1,_DG⁡tensor,Alg1,con_bas,,1,−t⁢s2−r,2,−s,4,1,_DG⁡tensor,Alg1,con_bas,,1,−t⁢s2−r,2,−s,4,1
We show, by way of a simple example, the extensions of the mappings in CASE 1 and CASE 3 form a mixed tensor on the range Alg2.
T≔α2&tensorx3
T:=_DG⁡tensor,Alg1,cov_bas,con_bas,,2,3,1,_DG⁡tensor,Alg1,cov_bas,con_bas,,2,3,1
ApplyHomomorphism⁡Φ,T
_DG⁡tensor,Alg2,cov_bas,con_bas,,2,1,s,2,3,1,4,1,−s2,4,3,−s,_DG⁡tensor,Alg2,cov_bas,con_bas,,2,1,s,2,3,1,4,1,−s2,4,3,−s
We show, by way of a simple example, the extensions of the mappings in CASE 2 and CASE 4 form a mixed tensor on the domain Alg1.
T≔β2&tensory3
T:=_DG⁡tensor,Alg2,cov_bas,con_bas,,2,3,1,_DG⁡tensor,Alg2,cov_bas,con_bas,,2,3,1
_DG⁡tensor,Alg1,cov_bas,con_bas,,2,1,−s,2,3,1,4,1,−s2,4,3,s,_DG⁡tensor,Alg1,cov_bas,con_bas,,2,1,−s,2,3,1,4,1,−s2,4,3,s
See Also
DifferentialGeometry
LieAlgebras
AdjointExp
DGtensor
MultiplicationTable
Pullback
Pushforward
Transformation
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