DGImageSpace - Maple Help
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DifferentialGeometry[DGNullSpace] - find the null space of a linear transformation acting on a vector space of vectors, differential forms, tensors

DifferentialGeometry[DGImageSpace] - find the image space of a linear transformation acting on a vector space of vectors, differential forms, tensors

 

 

Calling Sequence

Parameters

Description

Examples

Calling Sequence

DGNullSpace(L, A)

DGImageSpace(L, A)

Parameters

L

-

a procedure, defining a linear transformation L:𝒜 →ℬ  from a vector space 𝒜 of vectors, forms, tensors etc., to another vector space ℬ of vectors, forms, tensors

A

-

a list of vectors, forms, tensors etc., defining a basis for the vector space 𝒜

Description

• 

Let  L:𝒜 →ℬ  be a linear transformation. The null space of L is NL = {a ∈ 𝒜 | La = 0}. The image space of L is ImL = {b ∈ ℬ |  b = La for some a ∈ 𝒜}.

• 

The command DGNullSpace(L, A) returns a list of elements of 𝒜 which define a basis for the null space of L. The command DGImageSpace(L, A) returns a list of elements of ℬ which define a basis for the image space of L.

Examples

> 

with⁡DifferentialGeometry:with⁡Tensor:

 

Example 1.

Let V be a 4-dimensional space, let 𝒜 be the vector space of 1-forms on V, and let ℬ  be the vector space of 2-forms on V. Fix a 1-form α on V, and define Lβ = α ∧β.  We find the null space and image space of L.

 

> 

DGsetup⁡x1,x2,x3,x4,V

frame name: V

(4.1)
V > 

A≔dx1,dx2,dx3,dx4

A≔dx1,dx2,dx3,dx4

(4.2)
V > 

α≔dx1

α≔dx1

(4.3)
V > 

L≔β↦α&wedgeβ

L≔β↦DifferentialGeometry:−&wedge⁡α,β

(4.4)
V > 

DGNullSpace⁡L,A

dx1

(4.5)
V > 

DGImageSpace⁡L,A

dx1⁢⋀⁢dx2,dx1⁢⋀⁢dx3,dx1⁢⋀⁢dx4

(4.6)

 

Example 2.

Let V be a 3-dimensional space, let 𝒜  be the vector space of covariant rank 2 tensors on V.  We define L to be the symmetrization operation, that is, for T ∈ 𝒜, define LTX, Y =  1/2 TX,Y + TY,X. We find the null space and image space for  L.

V > 

DGsetup⁡x1,x2,x3,V

frame name: V

(4.7)
V > 

L≔T↦SymmetrizeIndices⁡T,1,2,Symmetric

L≔T↦Tensor:−SymmetrizeIndices⁡T,1,2,Symmetric

(4.8)
V > 

A≔GenerateTensors⁡dx1,dx2,dx3,dx1,dx2,dx3

A≔dx1⁢dx1,dx1⁢dx2,dx1⁢dx3,dx2⁢dx1,dx2⁢dx2,dx2⁢dx3,dx3⁢dx1,dx3⁢dx2,dx3⁢dx3

(4.9)

 

The null space of L is the space of skew-symmetric tensors,

V > 

DGNullSpace⁡L,A

dx1⁢dx2−dx2⁢dx1,dx1⁢dx3−dx3⁢dx1,dx2⁢dx3−dx3⁢dx2

(4.10)

 

and the image space is the space of symmetric tensors.

V > 

DGImageSpace⁡L,A

dx1⁢dx1,dx12⁢dx2+dx22⁢dx1,dx12⁢dx3+dx32⁢dx1,dx2⁢dx2,dx22⁢dx3+dx32⁢dx2,dx3⁢dx3

(4.11)

See Also

DifferentialGeometry

Annihilator

ComplementaryBasis

DGbasis

DGsolve

IntersectSubspaces