The sq2factor function returns the integer factorization of z.

All integers of  have the form , where a and b are rational integers.

The answer is in the form:  such that  where  are distinct prime factors of z,  are non-negative integer numbers,  is a unit in  and is represented under the form  or  or  or  where  is the fundamental unit (i.e, ), and  is a non-negative integer.

The expand function may be applied to cause the factors to be multiplied together again.

The command with(numtheory,sq2factor) allows the use of the abbreviated form of this command.